Category: Sumerian Language

Lesson 26 Sumerian Equative Case Plus Pronoun Review In this lesson, you’ll learn all about the Sumerian equative case. Because it’s so easy to learn, we’ll also be taking the opportunity to review some Sumerian pronouns! Let’s jump in! Need a Refresher? Review Lesson 17 - Independent Personal PronounsReview Lesson 18 - Possessive Pronouns Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!babbar 𒌓 adj., bright; white. v., to be bright; white.gin7 (gim, gen7) 𒁶 part., suff.,  like, as, just as; instead of; during (equat.).gud (gu4) 𒄞 n., bull; ox;...

Lesson 25 Sumerian Ordinal Numbers In this lesson, you’ll learn how to create, use, and pronounce Sumerian ordinal numbers using the genitive case! Need a Refresher? Review Lesson 23 - Sumerian NumeralsReview Lesson 24 - Sumerian Gеnitive Case Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!aš 𒀸 num., one (1), likely pronounced /ašu/ (OS x5, OA x3, NS x364, OB x116); six (6) (OB x4).àš 𒐋 num., six (6), likely pronounced /yašu/ (OB x13).eš 𒌍 num., three (3), likely pronounced /ešu/ (OS x4, NS x45, OB x15).ilimmu 𒑆 num.,...

Lesson 24 Sumerian Genitive Case In this lesson, you’ll learn all about the Sumerian genitive case. While there are a few grammatical rules to learn, it’s actually pretty simple, so let’s jump in! Need a Refresher on Sumerian Grammatical Cases Review Lesson 7 -  Sumerian Grammaticаl CasesReview Lesson 9 - the Nоminal Chain Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!ak 𒀝 v., to do, act; make into; place. part., suff., of (gen.).(a)kam (𒀀)𒄰 mut., genitive ak 𒀝 + 3rd person singular copula àm 𒀀𒀭 = (a)kam (𒀀)𒄰.(a)ke4 (𒀀)𒆤...

Lesson 23 Sumerian Numbers A Comprehensive Guide to Sumerian Numerals In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian numbers! We’ll be delving into their development first, then I’ll provide you with a quick reference list before doing a detailed breakdown of each Sumerian numeral.We’ll be focusing on Sumerian cardinal numbers for the time being, as creating ordinal numbers requires a better grasp the genitive case, which we’ll be delving into in an upcoming lesson.NOTE: This ‘lesson’ is information-intensive, and thus better used as a reference guide, so you may want to bookmark it for future use! Jump to Section Numerical...

Lesson 22 Sumerian Adverbs In this lesson, you’ll learn about Sumerian adverbs, which includes a giant list, so you may want to bookmark this page for easy reference! Additionally, you'll encounter a lot of grammatical case markers in this lesson, so you may want to go back and review Lesson 7. Need a Refresher on Case Markers? Review Lesson 7: Grammatical Cases Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!a-gin7 𒀀𒁶 adv., thus (OS x1, OA x2, OB x154)an-ta 𒀭𒋫 adv., above (OS x12, NS x1, OB x2).téš 𒌨...

Lesson 21 Sumerian Demonstrative Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian demonstrative pronouns, enabling you to say "this" and "that" in Sumerian! Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!bé (bi) 𒁉 pron., dem., this, that (similar to ‘the’) (x261) (ba 𒁀 gen.). part., suff., poss., its (impers.)(erg., dir.); their (impers.) (erg., dir.); its/their (impers.) when used modifying a plural noun.ne 𒉈 pron., dem., this/that (here) (NS x1, OB x14).ri 𒊑 v., to be distant (OB x35); to cry out (OB x2). pron., dem., that, those (remoteness...

Lesson 20 Sumerian Interrogative Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian interrogative pronouns, enabling you to ask questions in Sumerian! You May Want to Review Lesson 17 - Sumerian Independent PronounsLesson 18 - Sumerian Possessive Pronouns Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!a-ba 𒀀𒁀 who? (OS x2, OA x3, NS x20, OB x308)a-na 𒀀𒈾 pron., inter., what? (OS x2, OA x1, NS x73, OB x394), why? (OB x10); poss. his/her (gen., loc.) (earlier periods) (a)na (𒀀)𒈾.a-na-aš 𒀀𒈾𒀸 why? (OA x1, NS x8,  OB x68)a-na-gin7 𒀀𒈾𒁶 how?...

Lesson 19 Sumerian Reflexive Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian reflexive pronouns. At the end of this lesson, we’ll start putting your Sumerian language knowledge to use. You May Want to Review Lesson 18 - Sumerian Possessive Pronouns Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a full list in the Glossary of Terms.reflexive: a grammatical term marking the ability of a verb or pronoun to reflect action or attention back on itself. Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the...

Lesson 18 Sumerian Possessive Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn about Sumerian possessive pronouns. To make the lesson appear less intimidating, I didn’t include examples. However, you’ll start seeing these more in the coming lessons, so you’ll get plenty of time to practice!I highly recommend bookmarking this page for easy reference! You May Want to Review Lesson 7 - Grammatical Cases Jump to Section • My • Your (sg.) • His/Her • Its • Our • Your (pl.) • Their (pers.) • Their (impers.) Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a...

Lesson 17 Sumerian Independent Personal Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian independent personal pronouns. While it may seam like there’s a lot to cover, personal pronouns were rarely used, and when they were, they varied, which means there isn’t one settled-upon pronoun.I wanted to provide you with as many options as possible, as you will encounter these variations in Sumerian texts. However, I’ve provided a summary, as well as the oldest versions, which I use in my examples. Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a full list in...