Unit Review #6 Sumerian Pronouns True or False Read the following sentences and determine whether they are 'true' or 'false'.Independent personal pronoun forms for ‘us’ and ‘you (pl.)’ are unattested in Sumerian.Sumerian possessive pronouns commonly stand-alone in the sentence.Reflexive pronouns are created by suffixing the appropriate possessive suffix to ní(te) 𒉎(𒋼).1st and 2nd person plural forms of ‘ourselves’ and ‘yourselves’ are well-attested in Sumerian.Sumerian interrogative pronouns can not take a case-marker.Interrogative pronouns can take a copula.Sumerian demonstrative pronouns can refer to personal or impersonal nouns.Demonstrative pronouns only refer to singular nouns.Independent demonstrative pronouns behave like nouns, and take a case...
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Sumerian Vocabulary Review 6 – Lessons 19 – 21
Sumerian Vocabulary Review #6 From Lessons 19-21 If you have trouble viewing any cuneiform signs, try switching browsers or devices. Match the Sumerian Word to the Cuneiform Sign a-baa-name-a ní-biní-zu𒈨𒀀𒀀𒁀𒀀𒈾𒉎𒁉𒉎𒍪 Match the Sumerian word to the definition a-baa-naa-na-aš a-na-gin7 béme-nane ní-ĝu10ní-te-néní-te-ne-nepron., inter., how?pron., ref., his/herself.pron., inter., what?; poss. his/her (gen., loc.) (earlier periods).pron., dem., this/that (here).pron., inter., when? pron., ref., myself.pron., inter., who?pron., dem., this, that (similar to ‘the’). part., suff., poss., its (impers.)(erg., dir.); their (impers.) (erg., dir.); its/their (impers.) when used modifying a plural noun.pron., inter., why? pron., ref., themselves. Match the Cuneiform Sign to the Definition 𒌓𒊑𒄯𒁉𒉈n.,...
Sumerian Lesson 21: Sumerian Demonstrative Pronouns
Lesson 21 Sumerian Demonstrative Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian demonstrative pronouns, enabling you to say "this" and "that" in Sumerian! Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!bé (bi) 𒁉 pron., dem., this, that (similar to ‘the’) (x261) (ba 𒁀 gen.). part., suff., poss., its (impers.)(erg., dir.); their (impers.) (erg., dir.); its/their (impers.) when used modifying a plural noun.ne 𒉈 pron., dem., this/that (here) (NS x1, OB x14).ri 𒊑 v., to be distant (OB x35); to cry out (OB x2). pron., dem., that, those (remoteness...
Sumerian Lesson 20: Sumerian Interrogative Pronouns
Lesson 20 Sumerian Interrogative Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian interrogative pronouns, enabling you to ask questions in Sumerian! You May Want to Review Lesson 17 - Sumerian Independent PronounsLesson 18 - Sumerian Possessive Pronouns Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!a-ba 𒀀𒁀 who? (OS x2, OA x3, NS x20, OB x308)a-na 𒀀𒈾 pron., inter., what? (OS x2, OA x1, NS x73, OB x394), why? (OB x10); poss. his/her (gen., loc.) (earlier periods) (a)na (𒀀)𒈾.a-na-aš 𒀀𒈾𒀸 why? (OA x1, NS x8, OB x68)a-na-gin7 𒀀𒈾𒁶 how?...
Sumerian Lesson 19: Sumerian Reflexive Pronouns
Lesson 19 Sumerian Reflexive Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian reflexive pronouns. At the end of this lesson, we’ll start putting your Sumerian language knowledge to use. You May Want to Review Lesson 18 - Sumerian Possessive Pronouns Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a full list in the Glossary of Terms.reflexive: a grammatical term marking the ability of a verb or pronoun to reflect action or attention back on itself. Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the...
Sumerian Vocabulary Review 5 – Lessons 16 – 18
Sumerian Vocabulary Review #5 From Lessons 16-18 If you have trouble viewing any cuneiform signs, try switching browsers or devices. Match the cuneiform sign to the Sumerian word bimu ninu za𒉡𒍝𒈬𒁉𒉌 Match the Sumerian word to the definition a-nee-ne ĝá-e ĝálzapron., I (OS, OA, NS, OB).pron., he/she, him/her, that one (pers.) (OB); to whom (OB); to you (pl.) (OB). part., plural marker (pers.).pron., he/she (OS x7, NS x9, OB x20).pron., poss., your (sg.) (gen., loc.).v., to exist; be (somewhere); to cause to be; to dwell. Match the Cuneiform Sign to the Definition 𒂷𒎐𒀀𒉌𒈨𒂗𒈨𒂠cop., I am, you are (sg.).cop., they are...
Sumerian Lesson 18: Sumerian Possessive Pronouns
Lesson 18 Sumerian Possessive Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn about Sumerian possessive pronouns. To make the lesson appear less intimidating, I didn’t include examples. However, you’ll start seeing these more in the coming lessons, so you’ll get plenty of time to practice!I highly recommend bookmarking this page for easy reference! You May Want to Review Lesson 7 - Grammatical Cases Jump to Section • My • Your (sg.) • His/Her • Its • Our • Your (pl.) • Their (pers.) • Their (impers.) Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a...
Sumerian Lesson 17: Sumerian Independent Personal Pronouns
Lesson 17 Sumerian Independent Personal Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian independent personal pronouns. While it may seam like there’s a lot to cover, personal pronouns were rarely used, and when they were, they varied, which means there isn’t one settled-upon pronoun.I wanted to provide you with as many options as possible, as you will encounter these variations in Sumerian texts. However, I’ve provided a summary, as well as the oldest versions, which I use in my examples. Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a full list in...
Sumerian Language Review 5 – Sumerian Verbs
Review #5 Sumerian Verbs True or False Read the following sentences and determine whether they are 'true' or 'false'.An intransitive sentence has a direct object.Sumerian verbs can be intransitive or intransitive depending on how they’re used in a sentence.Some Sumerian verbs have specific transitive and intransitive forms.Every Sumerian word has a unique cuneiform sign.To express ‘to be’ in Sumerian, you must use the enclitic copula. Multiple Choice Read the following sentences and choose the correct answer.1. A perfective verb demonstrates an action that: a) has been completed in the past b) is expected to be completed in the future c)...
Sumerian Lesson 16: The Sumerian Enclitic Copula “To Be”
Lesson 16 Sumerian Enclitic Copula "To Be" In this lesson, you’ll learn about the Sumerian enclitic copula ‘to be’, which will start you on the path of creating basic copular phrases! Need a Refresher on Sumerian Verbs? Review Lesson 14 - Sumerian Tгansitive and Intгansitive Verbs Review Lesson 15 - Sumerian Рerfective and Imрerfective Verbs Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a full list in the Glossary of Terms.copula: a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement; often the word ‘was’, ‘is’, or ‘will be’.enclitic: a...