Origins of the Zodiac Path of the Moon - Part 1 In this series, we're going to delve into the origins of the 18 constellations of the original Sumerian Zodiac. If you're interested in this topic, I highly recommend my 15-hour Ancient Astrology Video Course, which goes into university-level depth on the origins and development of astrology. The Origins of the Zodiac Signs Begin in Mesopotamia The astrology we know and love originated in ancient Mesopotamia, and we have the Sumerians to thank for the origins of the zodiac signs.The oldest astrological records we have belong to the Sumerians, dating...
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Sumerian Lesson 25: Sumerian Ordinal Numbers
Lesson 25 Sumerian Ordinal Numbers In this lesson, you’ll learn how to create, use, and pronounce Sumerian ordinal numbers using the genitive case! Need a Refresher? Review Lesson 23 - Sumerian NumeralsReview Lesson 24 - Sumerian Gеnitive Case Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!aš 𒀸 num., one (1), likely pronounced /ašu/ (OS x5, OA x3, NS x364, OB x116); six (6) (OB x4).àš 𒐋 num., six (6), likely pronounced /yašu/ (OB x13).eš 𒌍 num., three (3), likely pronounced /ešu/ (OS x4, NS x45, OB x15).ilimmu 𒑆 num.,...
Sumerian Lesson 24: Sumerian Genitive Case
Lesson 24 Sumerian Genitive Case In this lesson, you’ll learn all about the Sumerian genitive case. While there are a few grammatical rules to learn, it’s actually pretty simple, so let’s jump in! Need a Refresher on Sumerian Grammatical Cases Review Lesson 7 - Sumerian Grammaticаl CasesReview Lesson 9 - the Nоminal Chain Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!ak 𒀝 v., to do, act; make into; place. part., suff., of (gen.).(a)kam (𒀀)𒄰 mut., genitive ak 𒀝 + 3rd person singular copula àm 𒀀𒀭 = (a)kam (𒀀)𒄰.(a)ke4 (𒀀)𒆤...
Sumerian Language Review 7 – Adverbs and Numbers
Unit Review #7 Sumerian Adverbs & Numbers True or False Read the following sentences and determine whether they are 'true' or 'false'.Sumerian adverbs come in simple words and adverbial phrases.Many Sumerian adverbs are created with the impersonal pronominal element /m/.Sumerian adverbs are created using case-markers and strict grammatical rules.Because Sumerian adverbs often use case markers, it can be difficult to distinguish adverbial phrases from nouns.When reading compound numbers like 3(šár)@v 𒐥, it’s probably safe to put the largest multiplier first.When counting aloud (1, 2, 3, etc.), use dili 𒀸 instead of aš 𒀸.Some quantities of specific items have their own...
Sumerian Lesson 23: Sumerian Numbers
Lesson 23 Sumerian Numbers A Comprehensive Guide to Sumerian Numerals In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian numbers! We’ll be delving into their development first, then I’ll provide you with a quick reference list before doing a detailed breakdown of each Sumerian numeral.We’ll be focusing on Sumerian cardinal numbers for the time being, as creating ordinal numbers requires a better grasp the genitive case, which we’ll be delving into in an upcoming lesson.NOTE: This ‘lesson’ is information-intensive, and thus better used as a reference guide, so you may want to bookmark it for future use! Jump to Section Numerical...
Sumerian Lesson 22: Sumerian Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases
Lesson 22 Sumerian Adverbs In this lesson, you’ll learn about Sumerian adverbs, which includes a giant list, so you may want to bookmark this page for easy reference! Additionally, you'll encounter a lot of grammatical case markers in this lesson, so you may want to go back and review Lesson 7. Need a Refresher on Case Markers? Review Lesson 7: Grammatical Cases Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!a-gin7 𒀀𒁶 adv., thus (OS x1, OA x2, OB x154)an-ta 𒀭𒋫 adv., above (OS x12, NS x1, OB x2).téš 𒌨...
Sumerian Language Review 6 – Sumerian Pronouns
Unit Review #6 Sumerian Pronouns True or False Read the following sentences and determine whether they are 'true' or 'false'.Independent personal pronoun forms for ‘us’ and ‘you (pl.)’ are unattested in Sumerian.Sumerian possessive pronouns commonly stand-alone in the sentence.Reflexive pronouns are created by suffixing the appropriate possessive suffix to ní(te) 𒉎(𒋼).1st and 2nd person plural forms of ‘ourselves’ and ‘yourselves’ are well-attested in Sumerian.Sumerian interrogative pronouns can not take a case-marker.Interrogative pronouns can take a copula.Sumerian demonstrative pronouns can refer to personal or impersonal nouns.Demonstrative pronouns only refer to singular nouns.Independent demonstrative pronouns behave like nouns, and take a case...
Sumerian Vocabulary Review 6 – Lessons 19 – 21
Sumerian Vocabulary Review #6 From Lessons 19-21 If you have trouble viewing any cuneiform signs, try switching browsers or devices. Match the Sumerian Word to the Cuneiform Sign a-baa-name-a ní-biní-zu𒈨𒀀𒀀𒁀𒀀𒈾𒉎𒁉𒉎𒍪 Match the Sumerian word to the definition a-baa-naa-na-aš a-na-gin7 béme-nane ní-ĝu10ní-te-néní-te-ne-nepron., inter., how?pron., ref., his/herself.pron., inter., what?; poss. his/her (gen., loc.) (earlier periods).pron., dem., this/that (here).pron., inter., when? pron., ref., myself.pron., inter., who?pron., dem., this, that (similar to ‘the’). part., suff., poss., its (impers.)(erg., dir.); their (impers.) (erg., dir.); its/their (impers.) when used modifying a plural noun.pron., inter., why? pron., ref., themselves. Match the Cuneiform Sign to the Definition 𒌓𒊑𒄯𒁉𒉈n.,...
Sumerian Lesson 21: Sumerian Demonstrative Pronouns
Lesson 21 Sumerian Demonstrative Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian demonstrative pronouns, enabling you to say "this" and "that" in Sumerian! Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!bé (bi) 𒁉 pron., dem., this, that (similar to ‘the’) (x261) (ba 𒁀 gen.). part., suff., poss., its (impers.)(erg., dir.); their (impers.) (erg., dir.); its/their (impers.) when used modifying a plural noun.ne 𒉈 pron., dem., this/that (here) (NS x1, OB x14).ri 𒊑 v., to be distant (OB x35); to cry out (OB x2). pron., dem., that, those (remoteness...
Sumerian Lesson 20: Sumerian Interrogative Pronouns
Lesson 20 Sumerian Interrogative Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian interrogative pronouns, enabling you to ask questions in Sumerian! You May Want to Review Lesson 17 - Sumerian Independent PronounsLesson 18 - Sumerian Possessive Pronouns Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!a-ba 𒀀𒁀 who? (OS x2, OA x3, NS x20, OB x308)a-na 𒀀𒈾 pron., inter., what? (OS x2, OA x1, NS x73, OB x394), why? (OB x10); poss. his/her (gen., loc.) (earlier periods) (a)na (𒀀)𒈾.a-na-aš 𒀀𒈾𒀸 why? (OA x1, NS x8, OB x68)a-na-gin7 𒀀𒈾𒄀 how?...
Sumerian Lesson 19: Sumerian Reflexive Pronouns
Lesson 19 Sumerian Reflexive Pronouns In this lesson, you’ll learn all about Sumerian reflexive pronouns. At the end of this lesson, we’ll start putting your Sumerian language knowledge to use. You May Want to Review Lesson 18 - Sumerian Possessive Pronouns Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a full list in the Glossary of Terms.reflexive: a grammatical term marking the ability of a verb or pronoun to reflect action or attention back on itself. Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the...