Lesson 14 Sumerian Transitive and Intransitive Verbs In this lesson, you’ll learn about Sumerian Intransitive and Transitive Verbs. Don’t worry—they’re easier than they sound! Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a full list in the Glossary of Terms.intransitive (trans.): a verb that doesn’t require a direct object to complete its meaning.transitive (intrans.): a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning. Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!dúr 𒂉 n., anus, buttocks; dwelling. v., to sit (intrans.);...
Sumerian Language Review 4 – Cuneiform, Nouns, and Adjectives
Review #4 Cuneiform, Nouns, and Adjectives True or False Read the following sentences and determine whether they are 'true' or 'false'.Sumerian sentences are punctuated with slashes.The adjective always precedes the noun.Adjectives can be duplicated to indicate plurality or intensity.Adjectives can be made by suffixing the nominalizing suffix -a 𒀀 to a verb. Multiple Choice Read the following sentences and choose the correct answer.1. Cuneiform began as simple pictographs drawn in clay using: a) a bronze chisel b) a pointed writing tool c) a reed stylus 2. Which of the following does Cuneiform represent: a) abstract concepts b) phonetic elements c) simple...
Sumerian Lesson 13: Sumerian Adjectives
Lesson 13 Sumerian Adjectives In this lesson, you’ll learn about Sumerian adjectives, as well as reduplicating auslauts. Need a Refresher on Sumerian Words? Review Lesson 11 - How to Read CuneiformReview Lesson 12 - Sumerian Nouns Helpful Terms Here are some helpful terms you'll encounter in this lesson. You can see a full list in the Glossary of Terms.auslaut: the final consonant, sound, or syllable in a word, or syllable boundary.nominalizing suffix: a particle suffixed to a verb to create an adjective or noun.past participle: a verb which is modified to act as an adjective, as in ‘broken leg’. Vocabulary...
Sumerian Vocabulary Review 3 – Lessons 10 – 12
Sumerian Vocabulary Review #3 From Lessons 10 - 12 If you have trouble viewing any cuneiform signs, try switching browsers or devices. Match the cuneiform sign to the Sumerian word gaku6kurmulna𒆳𒄩𒈾𒀯𒂵 Match the Sumerian word to the definition edenìíbinnin., abuse, insult, offense. part., stand-alone agent prefix ‘he/she/it’ (pers.).n., butter, oil, fat, cream; oil container. part., stand-alone agentive prefix ‘I’; conjugational prefix (indicates distance from speaker).n., desert, plain, steppe, open country.n., hips; middle. v., to be angry; to curse. part., stand-alone agent prefix ‘he/she/it’ (impers.).part., locative infix indicating ‘where’. Match the Cuneiform Sign to the Definition 𒀀𒀀𒂼𒀲𒂍𒃲𒁾𒊬n., donkey, equid, pack animal.n., father.n.,...
Sumerian Lesson 12: Sumerian Nouns
Lesson 12 Sumerian Nouns In this lesson, you’ll learn about simple, compound, and plural Sumerian nouns. Need a Refresher on Reading Cuneiform? Review Lesson 11 - How to Read Cuneiform Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian words, as you’ll encounter them often in the upcoming lessons!a-a 𒀀𒀀 n., father.ama 𒂼 n., mother.anše 𒀲 n., donkey, equid, pack animal.dub-sar 𒁾𒊬 n., scribe.é-gal 𒂍𒃲 n., palace. Vocabulary--Full List Here are the vocabulary terms for this lesson. Be sure to look them over as they’re updated with additional meanings each lesson. You can see the full Sumerian Lexicon here.a-a 𒀀𒀀...
Sumerian Lesson 11: How to Read Cuneiform
Lesson 11 How to Read Cuneiform In this lesson, you’ll learn how to read cuneiform word-signs. You'll also learn about its development, which will help you make sense of the logographic script! And, you'll learn about Sumerian determinitives! Need a Refresher on Cuneiform? Review Lesson 5 - Interpreting Cuneiform Signs Helpful Terms cuneiform: a wedge-shaped logo-syllabic script developed by the Sumerians and used by the Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians, and currently recognized as the oldest known writing system.determinative (det.): an unpronounced word prefixed or suffixed to a noun to indicate classification. Vocabulary to Memorize I highly recommend memorizing these Sumerian...
Sumerian Language Review 3 – Cases and Chains
Review #3 Sumerian Case and Chains True or False Read the following sentences and determine whether they are 'true' or 'false'.A grammatical case is a category which helps identify a word’s role in a sentence.There are 6 grammatical cases in Sumerian.Sumerian nouns are marked by case markers or postpositions.The normal order of Sumerian sentences is Subject-Verb-Object.Generally speaking, the agent causes the action, while the patient experiences the action.Most Sumerian sentences have two parts: a nominal chain, and a verbal chain.Sumerian verbs can stand alone in a sentence. Multiple Choice Read the following sentences and choose the correct answer.1. Which of...
Path of the Moon Pt 1: Origins of the Zodiac
Origins of the Zodiac Path of the Moon - Part 1 In this series, we're going to delve into the origins of the 18 constellations of the original Sumerian Zodiac. If you're interested in this topic, I highly recommend my 15-hour Ancient Astrology Video Course, which goes into university-level depth on the origins and development of astrology. The Origins of the Zodiac Signs Begin in Mesopotamia The astrology we know and love originated in ancient Mesopotamia, and we have the Sumerians to thank for the origins of the zodiac signs.The oldest astrological records we have belong to the Sumerians, dating...
Sumerian Lesson 10: The Sumerian Verbal Chain
Lesson 10 The Sumerian Verbal Chain In this lesson, you'll be introduced to the Sumerian verbal chain and its elements, which we’ll be discussing in greater detail later! Need a Refresher on Sumerian Sentences? Go Back to Lesson 8 - Sumerian Word OrderGo Back to Lesson 9 - The Sumerian Noмinal Chain Helpful Terms Here is a list of helpful terms you’ll encounter in this lesson. You can see the full Glossary of Terms here.conjugational prefix (conj. pref.): a particle affixed at the head of the verbal chain, which may or may not confer additional meaning about the action.dimensional infix...
Sumerian Vocabulary Review 2 – Lessons 6 – 9
Sumerian Vocabulary Review #2 From Lessons 6 - 9 If you have trouble viewing any cuneiform signs, try switching browsers or devices. Match the cuneiform sign to the Sumerian word ba dù ninturzu 𒆕𒁀𒌉𒎏𒍪 Match the Sumerian word to the definition 𒌷𒃲𒈬𒌉𒈗n., child, son, daughter.n., city, town, village, district.n., king; owner, master, lord.pron., my, mine.v., to be big, great, foremost. adj., big, great, foremost. Match the Cuneiform Sign to the Definition 𒌉𒀀𒀭𒁕𒍪𒂊𒉈cop., he/she/it is.n., arm; edge, line; near, close. v., to be near, hold, protect. part., with (com.).n., child; young; second (rank). v., to be/make small; reduce.n., knowledge, wisdom. v.,...